How do we design new drug molecules? How do we improve the properties of materials used in jet engines? How do we rationalise the actions of proteins in the body? How do we make new catalysts to increase the speed of chemical processes?
Our fundamental understanding of the world around us is based on our knowledge of atomic structure. Theoretically, it is possible to link the observed physical and chemical properties of a material to the underlying atomic structure. Consequently, by changing or manipulating this structure it should be possible to modify the material to obtain desired properties. Equally, it can allow us to explain observed properties, such as the functioning of proteins, and so understand the interaction between biological molecules.
In this course we will explore diffraction methods and crystallography, the fundamental tools through which we are able to explore and describe the atomic structure of materials. Initially, the course will look at the history of crystallography, putting the field in context and explaining how, for over a hundred years, it has been an invaluable tool for scientific advancement. The following sessions will focus on the methods used in crystallography and diffraction. This will include an exploration of the way that we classify and describe structures, through the use of symmetry and space groups. Building on this, we will show how these structures may be determined using diffraction methodologies.
The sessions will be a mixture of lecture style teaching and learning, with some problems and practical elements worked in.
Please note: this course will require fluency in high school level algebra, trigonometry, complex numbers and the use of vectors. Some knowledge of differential and integral calculus may also be required.
Learning outcomes
- To become familiar with crystallography and its importance in science;
- To understand how diffraction may be used to determine atomic structure;
- To understand the way that we characterise and classify crystal structures using symmetry.
