The prefix “nano” originates from the Greek word “νάνος” (nános), which means “dwarf”. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter, or 10-9 m. The physical, chemical and biological properties of matter, such as gases, liquids and solids, are often size dependent. This means that a material at the nanoscale can have different strength, colour, heat or electric conductivity, chemical reactivity, magnetic or optical properties, compared to other forms or sizes of the same material. Most importantly, scientists and engineers can tailor and control matter at the nanometer scale (ie at the level of atoms and molecules) to achieve specific properties.
It is, therefore, not surprising that nanomaterials can already be found in many everyday commercial products, including but not limited to computers, mobile phones, fabrics, cars, airplanes, baseball bats, solar panels, stain removers, food items, and so on. Given that the functional components of living cells are inherently in the nanoscale range, it was inevitable for nanotechnology to be applied to study, control or influence biological processes. In particular, nanomedicine aims to find solutions to address medical problems.
This seminar will give you an overview of a variety of nanosized materials with different chemical compositions (eg transition metals, polymers, lipids, peptides, DNA) and their applications in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of diseases.
In addition, we will review several nanotechnology-based materials used for environmental remediation. The safety and impact of nanoparticles in the environment and possible adverse effects on human health and, particularly, on workers exposed throughout the product life cycle will also be considered and debated.
Learning outcomes
- Understanding the concept of “nanomaterial” and how the properties of materials change at the nanometer scale;
- Recognising the impact of nanomaterials in the medical field, including in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of life-threatening diseases;
- Having an overview of the environmental applications of nanobiotechnology;
- Being aware of the challenges and prospects of nanomedicine and the potential short- and long-term environmental and health implications of nanomaterials.
